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negative feedback loops are dealt with, ensuring positive feedback for the change - will be the same if the
change is going to be viable and sound.
It is worth noting that if we were temporarily to send A out of the room and have a private talk with B, it
is analogous to a Hypnotic procedure in which we have diagnosed two distinct subsystems and proceed
to communicate with one and not the other (as we saw Hilgard do at the beginning of the chapter on
Dissociation), by effectively achieving a total dissociation between them for a while. If we simply talk to
one in the hearing of the other, with the other not allowed to intervene, it is analogous to the Hypnotic
procedure of communicating with one subsystem - the "child within" perhaps - while allowing another -
the internal "parent" perhaps - to "listen in", but not interfere. This would be an instance of a unilateral
dissociation.
In the above example the simple loop was presented (unrealistically) as if it were the only problem
involved. Of course in general we would have found other, and more complicated, issues. We should
have asked, for example, if there was any reason why the individuals had adopted those particular
responses, and that might have taken us rather deep into an analysis of the internal systems of each - a
process which could easily take us back into the realm of individual therapy. There can be real
complexity lying behind such a seemingly simple loop. And the practitioner should be aware of this fact,
and not be misled by the fact that throughout this book we are focusing on rather simple examples, in the
way in which introductions to most subjects use simple examples to begin with. Remember that the
purpose of the book is to establish a way of thinking rather than to give an exhaustive account of
everything. However, because of the uniformity of the analysis of processes, we can move effortlessly
from a family problem down to a personal problem, which might in turn revolve around some quite
limited subsystem of that person, and at all times we will be working within the same systems paradigm,
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Principles of Hypnosis (20). Familly therapy from perspective of systems and hypnosis
using the same language and the same shorthand notation.
The above example was also presented without any reference to the process of diagnosis from which it
was derived. This throws light on an important point. In practice the kind of dynamic patterns which
the therapist tends to see and work with will inevitably be influenced by the theoretical stance and
therefore the questions asked.
To put this into perspective let us imagine a quite different school of family therapy, which is an
economic one. This might model the system of a family from an economic viewpoint. It will have
observed that a lot of family arguments are about money, and extrapolated to suppose that money is
therefore the basis of the whole thing. A therapist from such a school will focus entirely on the cash
value of each exchange between members. He (it would be unlikely to be a woman) will try to establish
how each person values such things as making a meal, or having it made and so on. He would focus on
processes of negotiation as the "internal market" tries to get into balance. He would be able to assess the
activity of "buyers" and "sellers" in any particular commodity or service, and note that activity in one
market has to be related to activity in another. For just as when someone buys shares, the money has to
come from somewhere else, such as stocks, so it will be the case that if, for example, someone "buys"
housekeeping services, they will have to "pay" in perhaps new clothes or nights out, so that /{domestic
work} > /{new clothes}. This economic family therapist would therefore see the whole thing in terms of
financial subsystems or markets. If his economic model was based on Marxist-Leninist lines then he
would be more likely to analyse the subsystems in terms of social class. But the details are not important: [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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